Campbell, D. & Schipper, L. (2026). Kopuatai FLUXNET Release 2026_r1. Version 2026_r1. Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network. Dataset. https://dx.doi.org/10.25901/39mm-8518
Kopuatai FLUXNET Release 2026_r1
Ver: 2026_r1
Status of Data: completed
Update Frequency: annually
Security Classification: unclassified
Record Last Modified: 2026-04-07
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Dataset Created: 2026-03-20
Dataset Published: 2026-04-07
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This release consists of flux tower measurements of the exchange of energy and mass between the surface and the atmospheric boundary-layer using eddy covariance techniques. Data were processed using standard micrometeorological methods for the quality control and post-processing steps. The final, gap-filled product containing Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) partitioned into Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and Ecosystem Respiration (ER) has been produced using the ONEFlux software as described in Pastorello et al (2020). This data set has been produced as part of the FLUXNET Shuttle project.
The Kopuatai EC tower is located in a raised bog on the Hauraki Plains of New Zealand’s North Island, one of the country’s largest intact wetlands and peatlands. The site is dominated by peat-forming vegetation, particularly Empodisma minus, and has been protected as a Ramsar site since 1989. The bog spans about 100 km² with peat depths up to 14 m and vegetation including rushes, sedges, and mānuka. It has a mean annual temperature of 14.6°C and rainfall of 1262 mm, though its long-term sustainability is uncertain due to climate change and surrounding agriculture.
The Kopuatai EC tower is located in a raised bog on the Hauraki Plains of New Zealand’s North Island, one of the country’s largest intact wetlands and peatlands. The site is dominated by peat-forming vegetation, particularly Empodisma minus, and has been protected as a Ramsar site since 1989. The bog spans about 100 km² with peat depths up to 14 m and vegetation including rushes, sedges, and mānuka. It has a mean annual temperature of 14.6°C and rainfall of 1262 mm, though its long-term sustainability is uncertain due to climate change and surrounding agriculture.
Credit
We at TERN acknowledge the Traditional Owners and Custodians throughout Australia, New Zealand and all nations. We honour their profound connections to land, water, biodiversity and culture and pay our respects to their Elders past, present and emerging.
Purpose
- Determine the current CO2 sink strength of Kopuatai peatland seasonally and annually and explore the effect of environmental variables on CO2 uptake
- Characterize the light response of Empodisma minus (main canopy and peat forming species) and determine the influence of light quality as defined by thresholds for the diffuse fraction of incident photosynthetically active radiation (PAR).
- Relate ecosystem phenology to the CO2 balance of the peatland
- Determine the temporal dynamics of CH4 flux at Kopuatai and how they interact with environmental variables
- Develop a complete carbon budget spanning multiple years including NEE of CO2, CH4 flux, and DOC export
Lineage
Data collected using standard eddy covariance and meteorological instrumentation on a 4.5m tower at the Kopuatai site. The data were quality controlled by the site Principle Investigator. Gap filling and partitioning has been done using the ONEFlux software package, see Pastorello et al 2020, which is available at https://github.com/fluxnet/ONEFlux.
Method DocumentationPastorello, G., Trotta, C., Canfora, E. et al. The FLUXNET2015 dataset and the ONEFlux processing pipeline for eddy covariance data. Sci Data 7, 225 (2020).ONEFlux
Procedure Steps
1.
Data is measured using standard micro-meteorological instrumentation on a flux tower.
2.
Data is recorded on a data logger and is collected by the site PI.
3.
Data quality control and post-processing has been done by the site PI.
4.
Filtering for low-ustar conditions, gap filling and partitioning of NEE into GPP and ER are done using ONEFlux.
Spatial Description
The Kopuatai flux tower is located within the 100km2, raised peat bog in the lower Hauraki Plains, Waikato, NZ.
Temporal Coverage
From 2012-01-01 to 2016-01-01
Spatial Resolution
Data not provided.
Vertical Extent
Data not provided.
Data Quality Assessment Scope
The data have been quality controlled by the site PI using standard micro-meteorological methods.
If the data quality is poor, the meteorological data is filled from ERA5 reanalysis data and fluxes are filled using the Marginal Distribution Sampling method. Filled data can be identified by the Quality Controls flags in the dataset.
The ONEFlux software used to gap fill and partition this data set also applies a Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) filter to the carbon dioxide, latent heat and sensible heat before the gap filling step.
If the data quality is poor, the meteorological data is filled from ERA5 reanalysis data and fluxes are filled using the Marginal Distribution Sampling method. Filled data can be identified by the Quality Controls flags in the dataset.
The ONEFlux software used to gap fill and partition this data set also applies a Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) filter to the carbon dioxide, latent heat and sensible heat before the gap filling step.
Data Quality Report
Data not provided.
Data Quality Assessment Outcome
No anomalous data detected after quality control.
ANZSRC - FOR
GCMD Sciences
Horizontal Resolution
Parameters
Platforms
Temporal Resolution
User Defined
FLUXNET ID
NZ-Kop
Author
Co-Author
Contact Point
Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network
80 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, Queensland, 4068, Australia.
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